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Richard Feynman was a world renowned and widely successful theoretical physicist, even managing to win the Nobel Prize in 1965. He was a brilliant guy.
And Feynman developed his own personal method for deeply learning and internalizing topics. Now known as the Feynman technique, it鈥檚 a simple process, containing 4 repeatable steps:
Step 1 鈥� Study
The first step is easy. In fact, anyone who鈥檚 an article about learning processes is probably already doing it.
All you have to do is choose a topic and start studying.
Naturally, this makes perfect sense for educational based study, but it can also work equally well for other skills such as sports. Simply write down all of the things you know about the skill on the piece of paper. Try and break it down into its core components and seek to understand it as a whole.
Example
As an example, we鈥檙e going to be using the game of chess.
With that in mind, applying step 1 to learning chess would be simple. You鈥檇 simply have to start learning the rules and basic strategies. Keep in mind that you鈥檒l need to know enough that you can teach someone else in step 2.
Step 2 鈥� Teach
Once you鈥檝e completely covered the topic, it鈥檚 time for step 2. You鈥檙e going to teach it to someone else.
If you鈥檇 rather avoid actually teaching someone, you can just teach it to an imaginary audience. But the Feynman technique works much better if you use a real person. They鈥檒l be able to give feedback and let you know when something isn鈥檛 clear.
Ideally, the person you鈥檙e teaching will ask questions and probe you, trying to find holes in your knowledge base. This might feel a little uncomfortable, but it鈥檚 exactly what you need in order to proceed to step 3.
Example:
Continuing with the chess example, step two would require you to teach someone else to play chess. You鈥檇 need to be able to explain the games鈥� objectives, rules, how the pieces move and some basic strategies to win.
As your student asks questions, you鈥檒l inevitably discover holes in your knowledge 鈥� questions that you can鈥檛 answer. But this is exactly what you want.
Step 3 鈥� Fill the Gaps
As I mentioned, step 2 will uncover some gaps in your knowledge.
Step 3 involves going back to studying, but with an intense focus on these gaps. The aim of step 3 is to remove these weaknesses and turn them into areas of strength.
Example:
What holes in your knowledge were uncovered in step 2? If you couldn鈥檛 quite remember how a piece moved, how a rule works or why a particular strategy is effective, then this is a weakness that needs to be focused on.
Now, you can go back and study exactly what you need to know. Recover the rules and search for information regarding the effectiveness of the strategy.
Step 4 鈥� Simplify
Ideally, you鈥檝e already greatly improved your understanding of the target skill. However, you鈥檙e not done. Now you need to simplify the content.
This step is extremely effective at building your cohesive understanding of a subject. To be able to cut away clutter and explain something so clearly that even young children with limited vocabulary can understand, is extremely difficult. Attempting to do this, forces you to not only deeply master the information/skill but to also grasp how all of the different elements join together.
鈥淚f you can鈥檛 explain it to a six-year-old, you don鈥檛 understand it yourself.鈥�
鈥� Albert Einstein
Example:
You now have a much better understanding of chess. But could you explain it in such a simple, clear way that others will certainly understand? Probably not. Chess is a complex game with many rules and strategies involved. To be able to explain this to a child who鈥檚 never played and have them understand, is a difficult task.
Break it down into its simplest form. Attempt to express this in a short, clear way. It鈥檚 easier said than done.