In 1706 and 1707 the parliaments of England and Scotland ratified Acts of Union that gave birth to the Kingdom of Great Britain. Partly as a result, the Georgian era, named after the reigns of Georges I鈥揑V (1714鈥�1830), was a period of staggering political, economic, social, intellectual, and artistic transformations, during which Britain became a modern nation and an industrial and imperial superpower.
In this course we shall study some of the literary and visual works that shaped and responded to the tumultuous history of the eighteenth century. In particular, we shall pay attention to the ways in which writers and artists used a wide range of forms, from satirical prints to philosophical essays, political poems, and sentimental novels to redefine what it means to be human: Is it our capacity to reason and feel? To trade and own things? To be free?
In particular, we shall study how they made sense of a wide range of sometimes contradictory phenomena, including:
- the rise of the middle class in a highly stratified society;
- changes in gender roles and the institution of marriage;
- industrialization, urbanization and the simultaneous idealization of country life;
- the defense of liberty and the existence of slavery;
- the brilliant use of often raucous and vulgar textual and visual satires and the emphasis on politeness and Enlightenment values;
- capitalism, colonialism, and globalization;
- British views on the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions, and the Napoleonic Wars.
We shall also ask how 鈥淏ritishness鈥� came to be defined in the eighteenth century, especially in relation to English, Irish, Scottish, European identities, a phenomenon that will help us better understand some of the issues surrounding Brexit, that is, the decision to leave the European Union.
We shall study works by such authors as Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Olaudah Equiano, William Blake, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Jane Austen alongside a wide range of works of art, from paintings by Thomas Gainsborough, Joseph Wright of Derby,听 and J.M.W. Turner to pottery by Josiah Wedgwood.听 In particular, we shall take advantage of the CU Art Museum鈥檚 extensive collection of prints by William Hogarth to explore how this London artist, writer, businessman, and philanthropist represented the world around him in wonderfully detailed satirical and other prints, some of which are often seen as precursors to modern comics.